I believe this question is a classic but I am unable to find it in the forums so I will venture the wrath of the moderator gods by posting it anyways:
"Only the smartest one shall survive," said the executioner. "All of you prisoners will be seated around this round table. I will chop off the head of the prisoner in seat #1, skip seat #2, chop #3, etc. Beheaded bodies (and chairs) will be cleared away post haste. When I get to the end I will continue to chop, skip, chop, until there is but one prisoner remaining, who will then be freed."
a) If there are 13 prisoners, which is the lucky seat number?
b) In the morning, you will be told how many prisoners, n. You must figure out the best seat quickly, just knowing n. Which seat, k, should you 'head' for, in order to be freed?