Prof. Templeton

Good job all! Using HK original drawing as a guide, if the whole circle is allowed to go outside the square, what is it's relationship with the square's vertex A.

Added some

That would be a possible route, but is it the shortest?

[spoiler='From the alcoholic drink, to part of the bird, ']Wine => Wing E and G [spoiler='From the container of the grapes, to a healthy cereal, ']Vat => Oat V and O [spoiler='From the one that is aging, to the one which is weird. ']Old => Odd L and D I can guess at the final words, but I'll wait until the last pair is done.

Professor Templeton was staying at a cabin in the remote countryside and decided to go out horseback riding. After riding all day he found himself 8 km West of his cabin and 4 km North, but his horse needed fresh water before he could return. In his travels he had come across a river that ran due East to West, 6 km North of his current position. If if will take 15 minutes to water the horse and his horse can travel at a constant speed of 10 km per hour when thirsty and 12 km per hour when watered, what's the shortest time it will take Prof. T to return to his cabin?

Excellent picture. Can you explain your answer further?

I actually just copy the other half. I should use it to check for errors though.

I'll put one together if I can find some free time. I'll be sure to check and double check, but when putting the 650 numbers into a grid I tend to get crosseyed. Excellent puzzle JC!

Professor Templeton liked to practice shooting basketballs in his spare time. He wanted to convert his courtyard into a semicircular 3 point shooting court. He enlisted the help of fellow Braindenizen Bonanova to help him lay out the semicircle into his 1 unit by 1 unit courtyard. When Bonanova arrived Prof. T showed him his square courtyard and eager to show off his math skills he said, "If we lay out the semicircle inside the square, it will lay inside half the square and it's radius will be half that of one side of the square courtyard so it will have an area of 1/2*pi*(1/2)2 or .3927". Bonanova shook his head and smirked at the Prof. "You want to make the semicircle as large as possible don't you?", he replied. "Um, of course", said Prof. T, "isn't that the largest semicircle we can make, it will be tangent with three sides of the square after all". "Not even close", commented Bonanova, and he proceeded to lay out the largest semicircle that would fit inside the 1 unit by 1 unit courtyard. What was the area of Prof. Templeton's new semicircular 3 point basketball court?

Just so you had to update the OP again.

I am not disappointed with Itachi-san's answer. I does fit all given parameters for this riddle. I have seen plenty of other lateral thinking riddles that have made less sense and have been more ambiguous or open-ended then this. With the qualifications in the OP, there can be few solutions that fit. He has given us one that does. Reviewing this thread I'd suspect people have enjoyed kicking it around it their heads. I have.

O.K. I finally understand the "square ruler" concept. So, Yes, your absolutely correct.

I'm no chemist, but I always believed oxygen itself is nonflammable but it is a strong oxidizer and organics that burn in air will do so more vigorously in oxygen. In other words it supports the combustion of other matter. Don't the transport trucks that carry liguid oxygen have placcards the say "Oxygen compressed - cryogenic liquid - nonflammable gas"?

No Pudding! I was working backwards and I think I had the monk going down instead of up for his pebble toss.

That you did.